FOR YOUR VERTICAL WORLD
PMI is a company founded and run by rescuers, cavers, climbers, rope access technicians and mountaineers. We regard your gear as though we're working alongside you, because we are.
Our Principles
Exceptional Quality
Delivering unsurpassed quality and value in USA-made ropes, equipment and knowledge for vertical pursuits since 1976.
Real-World Expertise
PMI offers sound technical advice based on staff experience in technical rope rescue, access, and vertical adventure.
Amazing Customer Service
Customer care, with a southern flair; our friendly, professional staff are committed to your satisfaction.
Individual Approach
We are passionate about offering individual attention and personalized solutions to meet your needs.
What kind of Rope Rescuer are you?
Test your knowledge and find out how good you know rope rescue and what kind of Rope Rescuer you are. Can you answer these questions?
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Static Rope is defined by Cordage Institute as rope having
That's the thing about rope… 'static' is just a name!
Right answer… 6% is the magic dividing line between 'static' and 'low stretch'
Wrong answer, but here is a 'fun fact': Only the USA differentiates between Static and Low Stretch. Although some people erroneously use the terms interchangeably, ropes meeting the European EN 1891 standard for Low Elongation Ropes are too stretchy to be classified as 'static'
Nope, this is what the Cordage Institute would classify as 'low stretch'
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Which fiber is NOT appropriate for life safety equipment?
This and other natural fibers are generally not recommended for life safety applications.
An aramid is a special class of heat-resistant and strong synthetic fibers from the polyamide family. Kevlar, Twaron, and Technora are all aramids.
Just another name for Nylon. PMI Classic is one of the few life safety ropes made with Type 6,6 Nylon, which is stronger, less stretchy, and has a slightly higher melting point than Type 6.
Great for ropes, and leisure suits too!
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Information necessary for calculating a System Safety Factor includes
System Safety Factors are (thankfully) less about standards and more about performance!
Any way you look at it, the key to a system safety factor is the max potential load as compared with the weakest link.
One never quite knows what a SWL is based upon… could be a 10:1 component safety factor or a 1:1 safety factor. Knowing only SWL or WLL doesn't allow the user to determine a true safety factor. For more on safety factors, check out ASTM F2491 – 05 Standard Guide for Determining
Specific gravity refers to the ratio of the density of an item to the density of a medium - usually water. Anything with a Specific Gravity higher than 1 will sink in water, less than 1 will float. The specific gravity of Nylon 6,6 used in PMI Classic rope is 1.15… meaning it is slightly heavier than water. Specific gravity of Polyester is even higher, at 1.38.
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A carabiner is strongest
While the adage 'screw down so you don't screw up' is a nice rule of thumb, the intent of this is to help avoid inadvertent loosening of a screw-gate. Direction of screw gate doesn't directly impact strength.
Loading the minor axis of a carabiner, also called the short axis, would put the load onto the gate. This is not the strongest way to use a connector.
The nose of a carabiner is the point where the hinged gate meets the frame. A loaded nose is never a good thing. This might indicate the need for medical attention, or at least a Kleenex 😊
Yes, the major axis (also called long-axis) is strongest – especially when the load is aligned with the spine of the carabiner.
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The greatest potential for a dynamic load during a vertical litter lower is
Yep, that first step can be a doozie!!
Oops!! This means you goofed up!!
Stayin' alive, stayin' alive… what are you doing??! Jumping??
Oh my! What in the world did you say to your brakeman!
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A common mechanical advantage system used in raising a rescue load is called a
Nope. Although your Z-rig might be NFPA G-rated, it's still not a G-rig…
No… that wouldn't "B" right.
Yes! A 3-to-1 is often referred to as a Z-rig because of the shape the rope takes when viewed from the side.
Oooh, it sounds dangerous to "D-rig" while under load.
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A falling mass (on earth, at sea level) accelerates at a rate of approximately
Nope, sorry… 15 mph is a speed, not an acceleration. It's about as fast as the average person can run.
You are correct! This number can be used to calculate the maximum force a falling mass will exert on a rescue system.
No, sorry. You are confusing earth with something that has much more mass… Are you from Neptune?
This is just a speed, not an acceleration. Fun fact: At zero degrees Fahrenheit, a 30 mph wind can freeze exposed flesh in as little as 1 minute.
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A pulley used to change direction of a rope 180 degrees can be subjected to as much as ____ times that of the load.
Nope. If this were true, I'd put a pulley on my bathroom scale! With an overhead fixed pulley, lifting a load vertically will place a force of approximately 2 times the load on the pulley's wheel.
No. This would only happen if the load is unable to move, there is an extreme amount of friction, or something like that.
Yes! In this case, the pulley will see the weight of the load on one side plus the amount of force used to lift the load on the other side.
Nope. There's something wrong in your system if the pulley sees this much force…maybe your load is hung up?
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All else being equal, the strongest configuration of an anchor strap is typically
You're right! Basket hitching an anchor strap effectively doubles (almost) its strength.
No. This doesn't take advantage of wrapping the strap and gaining additional strength by using more than a single section of the strap.
Sorry, but nope. A girth hitch often actually weakens the strap's strength.
No – you really shouldn't be configuring your anchor strap as a munter hitch! You can certainly attach to it using a munter hitch on a connector if you are pre-rigged to lower…
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Showed on the diagram depicts a TMA (Theoretical Mechanical Advantage) of
No – we are trying to gain an advantage, not make it more difficult to move the load. The pulleys in this system do give us an advantage.
Not really… The second pulley in this configuration only provides a change of direction – not a mechanical advantage.
Nope. You might be thinking of the right answer but have the numbers reversed. A 1:2 system indicates a mechanical DIS-advantage.
Correct! You weren't fooled by the change of direction pulley.
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Trainee
You've got some studying to do!
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Journeyman
Knowing what you don't know is the beginning of knowledge; stay safe out there!
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Support Crew
Wow, someone is on a path to greatness! Keep up the good work!
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Rescue Technician
Outstanding! Well, done, Tech Rescue Professional! Share this with everyone.
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What kind of Tech Rescuer are you?
Test your knowledge and find out how good you know tech rescue and what kind of Tech Rescuer you are. Can you answer these questions?
Start quiz
The NFPA standard that defines minimum job performance requirements (JPRs) for technical rescue personnel is
Nope, this one is just about tools. NFPA 1983 addresses Life Safety Rope and Equipment for Emergency Services, primarily from a manufacturer perspective. NFPA 1858 is the corollary document from a user-perspective.
You got it! NFPA 1006 is commonly known as the Pro-Qual standard for rescuers.
Close, but… not quite. The NFPA 1670 Standard on Operations and Training for Technical Search and Rescue Incidents applies to the organization as a whole, not to individuals.
Nice try… but wrong answer. NFPA 1858 addresses Selection, Care, Use and Maintenance of gear specified in NFPA 1983.
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The __________________ is an appropriate choice for a secure midline knot.
Please, no! The old adage, "if you can't tie a knot, tie a lot" is not a good safety plan.
Did you know the Munter is not really a knot, but is a 'hitch'? A hitch is used to bind a rope to another object – and in fact relies on another object to maintain it's integrity.
A term with many meanings, but not a knot (at least that we know of.) Perhaps one of the most obscure uses of the term 'birdie' is to take a sip of someone elses' drink without touching one's lips to the rim of the container.
Right! Tying this knot in the middle of the rope can help alleviate those butterflies that you get in your stomach when you need just a tad more security.
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In a 3:1 Simple Mechanical Advantage System, the haul team must move ____ feet of rope for every ___ feet of travel.
Whoops, not exactly! The relationship between rope moved to load travel would also have to make sense as a ratio. 2:9 is not the same as 3:1.
Yes! 3:1 being a ratio, we can determine the required input to achieve a given output simply by multiplying both sides with a common factor – in this case, 3!
Nope, there is no relationship, or common factor, that can turn 3:1 into 4:1 – no matter how hard you try.
Actually, that would be a 1:1 mechanical advantage… also sometimes called a "Georgia Haul".
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A fall factor of "1" can be described as
What we're looking for here is the relationship between fall distance and rope length. Expressed as a ratio, this example would be 1:6. Simplified to it's lowest common factor, this equates to about a FF.166 – not a FF 1
Not a good definition of a FF1, but definitely a rope that deserves a nice retirement, perhaps on a sunny beach somewhere.
Good Job! A six foot fall on six feet of rope can be expressed as a 1:1 ratio, with the common factor being 1
Please don't. Especially if it is static rope.
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The NFPA standard that defines minimum design, performance, testing, and certification requirements for technical rescue equipment is
That's right! Someone was paying attention in fire academy 😊
Uh-uh. This is Professional Qualifications for rescuers, not gear.
Wrong answer! This standard addresses operations and training from an organizational standpoint.
Nope – but you may want to check out this new selection, care, use and maintenance companion standard to NFPA 1983.
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NFPA 1983 G-Rated Equipment refers to
Good for what? General-Use Rescue, that's what!
If it was "good" in 1983, you can rest assured that it is now OLD. Retire it.
In some languages, "grande" means big. In the language of NFPA it means… nothing.
Yep, that's it. General Use. Whatever that is.
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The NFPA 1983 rating just below "G" is known as
That's Right… NFPA 1983 classifies gear by strength, with the categories being "G" for General Use, "T" for Technical Use, and "E" for Escape Use.
Had you been answering these questions prior to the 2012 edition of 1983, this would have been the right answer. It's not now.
The first edition of 1983 came out in 1985, and with it came references to 1- and 2-person loads – thereby creating confusion that would last for more than 35 years.
Puh-LEEEZ! Let's lose the ancient references to 1- and 2- person designations!
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Technical-use life safety rope must have a minimum breaking strength of at least
Cordage Institute says that an 11mm rope should be rated to at least 6000 pounds… but NFPA doesn't set this is a minimum.
If this seems like a low number… it's because it is! Technical Rescuers operating with this gear really need to know their stuff.
The 40kN requirement we all know and love comes from the requirement for G-rating on ropes – not from any "T' rating requirement
Actually, 22kN is really only 4950lbf… but who's counting?
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A fixed-rope system is one that
Perhaps more likely the other way around!
Never mind. You probably don't want it back.
A "fixed rope" is one that is anchored in place for use in ascending or descending – also called 'fixed rope techniques'
Never say 'never' – just give it to a probie!
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The best place to get ropes, equipment and training for technical rescue is... (check all that are correct)
PMI is synonymous with Rope for Fire Service and Professional use, manufactured in the USA for more than 40 years.
Did you know Pigeon Mountain is famous for world class caving, including the deepest cave in the USA? What better proving ground for the toughest ropes.
Check out our full line of gear, webinars and technical information, and find a dealer near you!
Not just for rope anymore… In addition to USA-made rope, find a full line of PPE, hardware, litters, and even training for your professional needs!
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Probie
DROP AND GIVE ME 20, Probie! You've got some studying to do!
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Awareness Level
Knowing what you don't know is the beginning of knowledge; stay safe out there!
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Operations Level Rescuer
Wow, someone is on a path to greatness! Keep up the good work!
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Rope Rescue Technician
Outstanding! Well, done, Tech Rescue Professional! Share this with everyone.
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